Security Council POC is the POC concept used by the UN Secretary-General in his reports on the subject, and subsequently by the UN Security Council when considering action. Peacekeeping POC is the POC concept as it appears in Peace Operations literature, especially as produced by UN bodies like the DPKO and OCHA. Normatively it draws upon the jus in bello aspect of Just War Theory legally it is enshrined in the Geneva Conventions and similar instruments of International Humanitarian Law. The second part distils four separate POC concepts and outlines the literature on each: Combatant POC is the POC norm that constrains militaries in armed conflicts on their methods and means of war. A range of critiques and challenges are listed and responses canvassed. R2P is distinguished in its 2001 form in the eponymous ICISS report, in its 2005 form in the UN World Summit Outcome Document, and its 2009 ‘Three Pillars’ elaboration by the Secretary-General. Each of the first two parts delineates in turn the two concepts. This review and analysis covers the two concepts of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (POC). Updated in January 2012, this large but easily-searchable literature review and analysis will be primarily of use to scholars, postgraduate students, commentators and (theoretically-minded) practitioners wanting to know the nature, issues, critiques, areas of ambiguity, recent development and ethical-legal justifications of these two international protection norms, and the main literature, reports and resolutions associated with each of these topics. While overlap between the two does occur in highly visible cases like Libya, neither R2P nor PoC collapses normatively, institutionally or operationally into the other. Peacekeepers, humanitarian actors, international lawyers, individual states and regional organisations are required to act differently with respect to the separate agendas and contexts covered by R2P and PoC. This article argues that, while the agendas of PoC and R2P converge with respect to Security Council action in cases like Libya, outside this narrow context it is important to keep the two norms distinct. UN Security Council Resolutions 19 follow exactly the process envisaged by R2P in response to imminent atrocity crimes, yet the operative paragraphs of the resolutions themselves invoke only PoC. Yet UN Security Council action in Libya in 2011 has thrown into sharp relief the relationship between the two. Conversely, the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (PoC) has a longer pedigree and enjoys a less contested reputation. You can find us on Facebook and Instagram and follow on Twitter.As an international norm, the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has gained substantial influence and institutional presence-and created no small controversy-in the ten years since its first conceptualisation. FFG retains all of its licensing relationships as well as its creative DNA, and the company remains a fully independent publisher within the Asmodee Group. In 2014, FFG further expanded its international reach by merging with the Asmodee Group of game companies. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, as well as our own proprietary licenses such as Arkham Horror Files, Android, Legend of the Five Rings, and Terrinoth. Throughout the course of the company's history, FFG has published games in over thirty languages and distributed games to more than fifty territories around the world. Many of its most popular titles are based on beloved licenses such as Marvel, Star Wars, and J.R.R. Established in 1995, FFG has earned a reputation for its innovative gameplay, immersive gaming experiences, and top-quality game components (often enhanced with highly detailed plastic miniatures and beautiful artwork). Fantasy Flight Games is a leading hobby game company based out of Roseville, Minnesota, publishing a massive array of board games and card games and dedicated to releasing the best possible products in the science fiction, fantasy, and horror gaming fields.
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